The NeuroWrap: A Practical Approach to Cognitive Wellness
The NeuroWrap by NUSHAPE is a dedicated device designed with a straightforward goal: to support and enhance your brain's health using scientifically backed photobiomodulation technology. Through targeted light therapy, it stimulates neurons and glial cells, promoting not only improved cognitive function and memory but also supporting overall neural health.
This isn’t just about temporary brain boosts. The NeuroWrap provides ongoing support to help mitigate age-related neural decline and fosters an environment that encourages mental clarity and strong neurological health mitigating many symptoms associated with a spectrum of neurological conditions
In the following sections, we'll dive deeper into the practicalities and functionalities of the NeuroWrap, exploring how light, technology, and science converge to offer a pragmatic solution for maintaining and enhancing our neurological well-being.
Good For:
NeuroWrap: How Does it Rate?
Pros
- Versatile Use: Features like dual frequency settings cater to varied wellness needs, offering options for stress relief or cognitive enhancement.
- Science-Driven Design: Built upon scientific principles of photobiomodulation, aiming to maximize cellular response and neurological benefits.
- Easy Operation: Designed for seamless use, ensuring a user-friendly experience even for individuals new to light therapy.
- Accessible Therapy: Provides a tool for at-home neurological care and wellness, making therapeutic technology more accessible.
- Potential Neural Regeneration: Aiming to initiate biological processes that enhance neural network regeneration and overall brain health.
- Cognitive Support: Proffers a non-invasive method that may assist in enhancing cognitive elements like memory and focus.
- Safe to Use: Developed considering user safety, ensuring the applied light and frequency settings adhere to researched parameters.
- Convenience: The lightweight and portable design enable use in various settings, ensuring you can maintain your wellness routine wherever you go.
Cons
- Requires Consistent Use: Optimal results may necessitate regular and consistent use.
- Ongoing Research: While promising, photobiomodulation is still an area with ongoing research and evolving understandings.
- Cost: Initial investment might be considered high for some users.
- Contraindications: Not suitable for everyone, including individuals sensitive to light or with certain health conditions.
- Accessibility: Availability may be limited in some regions or markets.
About the Brand
NUSHAPE is a brand that has positioned itself at the intersection of health, wellness, and technology. Renowned for its innovative, non-invasive body contouring and wellness devices, the brand aims to bring professional-grade treatments to the comfort of one's home. Leveraging advanced red-light therapy technology, which has been extensively studied and approved by regulatory bodies like the FDA, NUSHAPE provides effective, safe, and affordable solutions for weight loss, skin tightening, pain and inflammation management, and brain and overall wellness. Venturing into the realm of brain health, NUSHAPE also brings to the forefront two remarkable devices aimed at enhancing cerebral wellness: the Neurowrap and the latest addition, the NeuroPulse PRO, broadening their spectrum of health and wellness solutions.
How Does the NeuroWrap Work for the Brain?
Integrating light technology to bolster neural health and cognitive function, the NeuroWrap by NUSHAPE harnesses the power of 810nm wavelengths, emitted through 144 LEDs, to provide targeted photobiomodulation therapy to the brain.
Once the light is absorbed by the brain cells, it triggers a series of biological processes designed to improve cellular health and vitality. This stimulation, non-invasive yet potentially potent, may foster the regeneration of neural networks and enhance overall brain function, providing a straightforward approach to neural wellness from the comfort of your home
Diving into the specifics, the NeuroWrap leverages two distinct pulsing frequency settings: 10Hz and 40Hz, which meticulously modulate the light emitted, ensuring a tailored approach to neural stimulation and providing different potential benefits.
1. 10Hz Setting: In this mode, the light pulses at a rate of 10 times per second. Research has peered into the potential of this frequency, suggesting it may pave the way for heightened relaxation and stress reduction, while also exploring avenues in pain relief, wound healing, and tissue repair. The emphasis here is on promoting overall well-being, although the breadth and depth of effects can vary among individuals and further studies are pivotal to cement these findings.
2. 40Hz Setting: Accelerating to 40 pulses per second, this setting takes a step further into the cognitive realm. Preliminary studies have illuminated possible associations between this frequency and cognitive amplification, hinting at improvements in aspects like memory and focus. Moreover, it explores therapeutic effects like curbing inflammation and fostering cellular energy production, both crucial in sustaining neural vitality and function.
What Are the Benefits of Transcranial Red Light Therapy for the Brain?
Numerous studies have highlighted the potential of Red Light Therapy (RLT) not only as an avenue for optimizing brain health but also as an effective treatment for a range of brain conditions. These include Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, stroke, traumatic brain injuries, autism and more.
A study published in 2016 by Michael R. Hamblin in BBA Clinical highlights the potential of NIR light to treat traumatic (stroke, TBI) and neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases
Thanks to a growing body of research the the potential benefits of red light therapy (RLT) for these conditions are becoming increasingly evident.
Potential benefits of red light therapy (RLT) for traumatic brain injury (TBI)
The efficacy of Red Light Therapy (RLT) in treating Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is backed by growing scientific evidence. Key potential benefits include:
- Improved Cognition: Research, including studies by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, indicates red light therapy may enhance cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and problem-solving in TBI patients.
- Accelerated Healing & Neuronal Repair: By boosting mitochondrial activity, red light therapy could speed up tissue repair and facilitate the healing of damaged neuronal pathways.
- Emotional Well-Being Enhancement: The treatment may improve mood disorders like depression and anxiety, which are common in TBI cases.
- Anti-Inflammatory Benefits: Red light therapy's anti-inflammatory properties may help alleviate brain inflammation that worsens TBI symptoms.
- Increased Blood Circulation: Improved blood flow is another potential benefit, aiding the healing process.
- Expanded Treatment Window: Studies suggest the therapy could be effective even years after a TBI, widening long-term treatment options.
- Safety & Non-Invasiveness: The non-invasive and safe nature of red light therapy allows it to be easily incorporated into various care plans.
A comparative study in 2014 published in Plos One Journal by Marcus K Giacci et al showed the therapy’s potential to help repair damaged optic nerves and protect neurons.
That same year, one other study published in the Journal of Neurotrauma confirmed the positive effects of red light therapy in treating patients with chronic, mild traumatic brain injury.
The area of red light therapy for cognitive applications has even received increased attention from governmental organizations. In 2014, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) studied red light therapy's effects on cognitive function in traumatic brain injury patients.
Due to encouraging results, in 2015 the VA launched four more studies, mainly targeting combat-related brain injuries which showed the very positive benefits of the technology.
In 2018, a study published in Photomedicine and Laser Surgery by S Gregory Hipskind et al, found that red light therapy notably improved neuropsychological scores in chronic mild traumatic brain injury patients, suggesting its efficacy even years post-injury.
Potential benefits of red light therapy (RLT) for stroke patients
Red light therapy has shown promise in treating stroke patients by offering a range of potential benefits, although more research is needed:
- Neuroprotection: Studies suggest that red light therapy can reduce the size of the infarct (the area of dead tissue following a stroke) and protect the surrounding neurons from further damage.
- Improved Cognitive Function: Some studies indicate that red light therapy may enhance cognitive function by stimulating mitochondrial activity, which, in turn, improves neuronal health.
- Promotion of Neurogenesis and Synaptic Plasticity: The therapy is believed to stimulate the growth of new neurons and promote synaptic connections, thereby potentially aiding in the recovery of skills and functions lost due to the stroke.
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Red light therapy has been found to reduce inflammation, a critical factor in stroke-induced brain injury.
- Enhanced Blood Flow: Improved microcirculation in the affected areas can help deliver essential nutrients and oxygen, speeding up the healing process.
- Safety and Non-Invasiveness: One of the appeals of red light therapy is that it is non-invasive and has a good safety profile, making it a potential adjunct therapy alongside more traditional treatments.
- Pain Relief: Some evidence suggests that red light therapy can alleviate pain, a common post-stroke symptom, by reducing inflammation and promoting healing.
- Improved Mood: The treatment has also been suggested to help alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety that often accompany a stroke, though more research is needed in this area.
One of the early landmark studies on the potential applications of red light therapy was published in 2007 by Yair Lampl et al in “Stroke,” a journal maintained by the American Heart Association. It found that infrared light was effective and safe for treating ischemic strokes.
Various further studies including one published in the Journal of Neuroscience Research by Michael R. Hamblin highlight the positive effects of the therapy on restoring brain function following a stroke.
A comprehensive literature review in 2020, published in Neural Regeneration Research by Muyue Yang et al, found preliminary evidence supporting red light therapy's efficacy in treating a variety of central nervous system diseases, including stroke and traumatic brain injury, calling for larger studies for optimization.
Potential benefits of red light therapy (RLT) for neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's
- Neuroprotection: Red light therapy has been shown to have neuroprotective effects that may slow the progression of diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson's.
- Enhanced Cognitive Function: Studies have indicated that red light therapy can improve cognitive functions, helping to combat some of the mental declines associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
- Reduced Inflammation: Chronic inflammation is a known contributor to neurodegenerative diseases. Red light therapy has anti-inflammatory effects that could be beneficial in this context.
- Stimulation of Neurogenesis: Some studies suggest that red light therapy could stimulate the growth of new neural cells, offering the potential for partially reversing degenerative conditions.
- Improved Quality of Life: By addressing symptoms like sleep problems, mood imbalances, and cognitive decline, red light therapy could significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with neurodegenerative diseases.
In recent years, multiple studies have been published, highlighting the potential of red light therapy as a novel treatment for neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease:
A 2020 study design paper in Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience by Nayan Huang et al, set the stage for researching red light therapy's impact on mild to moderate Alzheimer's. While it didn't present results, it laid the foundation for ongoing research.
A separate study, also published in 2020 in Frontiers in Aging and Neuroscience by Aaron Song Chuan Foo and others, reviewed literature supporting red light therapy for Parkinson's Disease. It suggested red light therapy could slow neurodegeneration and even discussed the idea of implantable delivery devices.
Potential benefits of red light therapy (RLT) Autism and neurodegenerative diseases
Red light therapy (RLT) has also been garnering attention as a potentially effective treatment for autism among other neurodegenerative diseases. Below are some of the potential benefits
- Improved Social Interaction: Some studies have reported that red light therapy can improve social behaviors, one of the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.
- Enhanced Cognitive Function: Red light therapy aims to stimulate cellular activity, particularly in the mitochondria. Improved mitochondrial function could lead to better cognitive performance.
- Reduced Anxiety and Irritability: Red light therapy has been associated with mood enhancement and could potentially alleviate symptoms of anxiety and irritability commonly observed in individuals with autism.
- Safety and Non-Invasiveness: Unlike some other treatments for autism, red light therapy is non-invasive and has a strong safety profile, making it a good option for long-term treatment.
In 2022, a Study published in Neurology International by Australian researchers Catherine Hamilton et al stated: ” Recently, photobiomodulation has been shown to improve, for example in many animal models of Alzheimer’s to Parkinson’s disease, some of the key alterations of brain function and microbiome composition that are also found in autism..” They praised the treatment's safety profile and called for large-scale clinical trials.
Another 2022 study published in Frontiers in Pharmacology by Damir Nizamutdinov et al, extensively reviewed existing research and found that red light therapy showed much promise for treating a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. The study emphasized the therapy’s safety and convenience and called for high-quality, large placebo-controlled trials for wider adoption.
It's important to note that while these benefits are very positive and promising, more comprehensive clinical trials are necessary to determine the most effective treatment parameters in treating autism and neurodegenerative diseases.
Please refer to our Resources at the end of our Article for further extensive scientific information.
Quick Facts & Features
| Brand | NUSHAPE |
|---|---|
| Product | NeuroWrap |
| Form | Head Wrap – Measures 25 inches long |
| Wavelength | 810nm |
| Specification | 144 LEDs/ 2 pulsed frequency settings, 10Hz and 40Hz |
| Safety | FDA-Cleared |
| Age | Adults |
| Skin Type | All types |
| Benefit | Cognitive Function, Memory, Depression, Brain Health etc |
| Price | $499 |
| Shipping | Free Shipping |
| Warranty | 1-Year Warranty |
| Purchase | Official website |
How to Use It?
The NeuroWrap offers a straightforward and cozy treatment experience. Simply secure the device on your forehead for a 20-minute session, after which it will automatically turn off.
For optimal outcomes, it's best to use it consistently, ideally making it a part of your routine at least four times per week. The effects of red light therapy can be diverse; while some may witness changes in as little as 24 hours, others might observe meaningful progress over a two months period.
Safety
While the NeuroWrap employs safe Red Light Therapy technology that has been cleared by the FDA for both effectiveness and safety, it's important to recognize that it may not be suitable for everyone.
Individuals with light sensitivity, those taking photosensitizing medications, and pregnant or breastfeeding women should exercise caution due to potential adverse reactions and limited research in these categories of users.
Ensure to consult with a healthcare professional before adopting NeuroWrap into your wellness routine to ascertain its safety and suitability for your circumstances.
Side Effects
The NeuroWrap prioritizes user safety, striving to deliver potent transcranial light therapy with minimal risk of side effects.
Adhering to well-researched standards, its technological and methodological framework ensures an effective and secure operation. Users can seamlessly integrate the NeuroWrap into their wellness routine, without concerns about undesired consequences
Reviews From Users
We examined 379 reviews from verified purchasers of the NUSHAPE NeuroWrap, and it's evident that they have overwhelmingly expressed satisfaction with the product's effectiveness, granting it an impressive overall rating of 4.8. Below is a selection of these reviews:
— Stella Lilley.– Verified Buyer
—Magda J. – Verified Buyer
— John L. Jones- Verified Buyer
— Alan Buckley – Verified Buyer
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the NeuroWrap?
The NeuroWrap is a device designed to deliver transcranial red light therapy, leveraging specific light wavelengths to potentially support brain cell function and promote neurological health.
How does the NeuroWrap work?
The NeuroWrap emits 810nm wavelengths through 144 LEDs, utilizing two pulse settings (10Hz and 40Hz) to optimize therapeutic effects. The light is absorbed by brain cells, sparking biological processes that may benefit cell health and aid the regeneration of neurological networks.
How long is a standard NeuroPulse Pro treatment session?
A typical treatment session lasts 20 minutes. The device will automatically turn off after the session is completed.
How often should I use the NeuroWrap?
The manufacturer advises using the NeuroWrap at least 4 times per week and preferably every day for anyone looking with specific neurological conditions, at least initially.
Is the NeuroWrap safe to use?
Yes, the NeuroWrap adheres to researched standards, ensuring its operation is both efficient and safe. However, individuals with light sensitivity, those on photosensitizing medications, or pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare professional before use due to the lack of extensive research in these areas.
Can I use the NeuroWrap for other areas of the body?
The size and specific wavelenghth of teh rpoduct makes it a product best suited for brain health
What are the benefits of using the NeuroWrap?
The NeuroWrap aims to provide various neurological benefits, potentially including improved memory and focus, reduced inflammation, enhanced cellular energy production, and promoted relaxation and overall well-being, based on the selected light pulse setting.
How long does a typical NeuroWrap session last?
Sessions last 20 mins. The device automatically switched off thereafter.
Can the NeuroPulse Pro assist in managing neurological conditions and cognitive challenges?
Yes, it is developed to assist in managing a spectrum of cognitive and emotional challenges, including memory loss, cognitive deficits, and anxiety, providing beneficial support for various neurological conditions.
Are there any side effects of using the NeuroWrap?
Generally, red light therapy is considered safe, but always observe your body’s responses and consult a healthcare professional if you have any concerns or experience adverse effects.
Can I use NeuroWrap alongside other therapies or medications?
Absolutely, integrating NeuroWrap with other therapies or medications can indeed be a synergistic approach, potentially amplifying beneficial outcomes. Some individuals might find sufficient efficacy using the NeuroWrap alone, while others may experience enhanced results by combining modalities.
Conclusion
In drawing our exploration of the NeuroWrap to a close, the NeuroWrap emerges as a splendid addition to one's pursuit of wellness, offering an effective, user-friendly product that with his soft, comfortable neoprene construction is also comfortable to wear and can effortlessly be integrated into daily routines.
Its efficacy, rooted in science, along with the ability to be worn during various daily tasks, presents an unintrusive yet effective treatment strategy.
As we continue to navigate through an era where technological advancements blend seamlessly with health and wellness, the NeuroWrap unquestionably merits consideration among those seeking to optimize their neurological health in a safe and user-friendly manner. Always ensure to consult healthcare professionals in your wellness journey, ensuring that your path is not only enlightened but also safeguarded.
Red light therapy is a type of therapy that uses red or near-infrared light to treat a variety of conditions. During a red light therapy session, a person is exposed to a specific wavelength of red or near-infrared light that is delivered through a light-emitting device. The light penetrates the skin and reaches the cells within the body with a range of therapeutic effects.
Red light is a type of visible light, Its wavelength falls between approximately 630 and 700 nanometers (nm) on the electromagnetic spectrum. Red light is often used in light therapy treatments for the skin, as it has been shown to have the most beneficial effects on skin cells and collagen production.
Near-infrared (NIR) light, on the other hand, has a longer wavelength than visible red light and falls between approximately 700 and 1200 nm on the electromagnetic spectrum. NIR light is not visible to the human eye, but it can penetrate deeper into the skin and other tissues than visible light, making it useful for a variety of therapeutic applications ranging from wound healing to inflammation reduction or improved circulation, among other benefits.
Different Red Light Therapy devices usually deliver slightly different wavelength ranges that research has shown to be the most effective for the concern they are being recommended for.
Red Light Therapy (RLT) strengthens the mitochondria, the cell’s powerhouse, where cell energy is created. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the critical energy-carrying molecule that is found in all living organisms. By optimizing the function of the mitochondria, more ATP is produced and with increased energy cells can function optimally.
This scientific breakthrough resulted in scientists discovering Red Light Therapy’s ability to stimulate and speed up tissue repair and growth. Red Light Therapy is now widely used for maintaining a healthy complexion, speeding up muscle recovery, reducing inflammation, improving sleep, treating neurological conditions, balancing hormones, treating pain, and even losing weight.
Research has also indicated that Red Light Therapy can help to restore cellular balance and alleviate the negative impact of blue light exposure. The prevalence of blue light in our society has become a growing concern as many individuals spend prolonged periods of time looking at screens on a daily basis.
Red Light Therapy (RLT) is also called:
Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT), Photobiomodulation (PBM), Cold Laser Therapy, Photonic Stimulation, Low-Power Laser Therapy (LPLT), Phototherapy
A Brief History of Red Light Therapy
The journey of Red Light Therapy (RLT) has been both fascinating and impactful, starting from its humble origins in the late 19th century. Dr. Niels Ryberg Finsen, the pioneer in light therapy, made a groundbreaking discovery in 1896 that light could be harnessed to treat Lupus Vulgaris, a form of tuberculosis affecting the skin. His work, which led to the tangible healing of skin lesions, was so revolutionary that he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology in 1903.
Fast forward to 1960, Theodore H. Maiman invented the first operational laser, fulfilling Albert Einstein's theories on the principles of lasers laid out in 1917. This invention opened new avenues for RLT, allowing more precise applications.
NASA took an interest in Red Light Therapy in 1987, conducting experiments to examine its effects on plant growth in space missions. These studies hinted at RLT's potential to benefit not just human health but also broader ecological systems.
In the same vein, Endre Mester's work in 1967 set the stage for modern RLT applications.
His experimentation with low-level laser therapy on skin cancer effects demonstrated the technique's efficacy and led to FDA approval for wound healing in 2002.
The advent of LED technology in the 1990s was a game-changer, offering an efficient and cost-effective alternative to traditional light bulbs. This technological leap made light therapy more accessible to the general public, including its use in sports medicine where physical therapists reported quicker recovery times for sports-related injuries.
One of the most recent and exciting developments in RLT is its potential role in weight management. Studies indicate that Red Light Therapy can influence hormones like Leptin and Ghrelin, which play key roles in regulating appetite and metabolism. This makes RLT a promising avenue for non-invasive weight loss treatments.
As RLT continues to evolve, its applications keep expanding, crossing multiple disciplines from medicine to ecology. Researchers are continuously probing its potential, finding new ways to apply this age-old yet ever-advancing technology.
Our articles exclusively rely on primary sources of information, encompassing peer-reviewed medical journals and esteemed academic institutions.
- NASA. (2022, May 19). NASA Research Illuminates Medical Uses of Light. https://spinoff.nasa.gov/NASA-Research-Illuminates-Medical-Uses-of-Light
- American Association of Neurological Surgeons. (2023). Anatomy of the Brain. https://www.aans.org/en/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Anatomy-of-the-Brain
- Gulati, A. (2015). Understanding neurogenesis in the adult human brain. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 47(6), 583-584. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.169598
- Adolphs, R. (2009). The social brain: Neural basis of social knowledge. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 693-716. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163514
- Wang, Y., Pan, Y., & Li, H. (2020). What is brain health and why is it important? BMJ, 371, m3683. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3683
- Breijyeh, Z., & Karaman, R. (2020). Comprehensive review on Alzheimer’s disease: Causes and treatment. Molecules, 25(24), 5789. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245789
- DeMaagd, G., & Philip, A. (2015). Parkinson’s disease and its management: Part 1: Disease entity, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis. P T, 40(8), 504-510. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4517533/
- American Association of Neurological Surgeons. (2023). Parkinson’s Disease. https://www.aans.org/en/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Parkinsons-Disease
- Kuriakose, D., & Xiao, Z. (2020). Pathophysiology and treatment of stroke: Present status and future perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(20), 7609. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207609
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (2023, April 20). Traumatic Brain Injury & Concussion (TBI). https://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/get_the_facts.html
- Lacerte, M., Shapshak, A. H., & Mesfin, F. B. (2023). Hypoxic Brain Injury. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537310/
- World Health Organization. (2022, August 9). Optimizing brain health across the life course: WHO position paper. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240054561
- Bischof, G. N., & Park, D. C. (2015). Obesity and Aging: Consequences for Cognition, Brain Structure and Brain Function. Psychosomatic Medicine, 77(6), 697–709. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000212
- Tafur, J., & Mills, P. J. (2008). Low-Intensity Light Therapy: Exploring the Role of Redox Mechanisms. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 26(4), 323–328. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2007.2184
- Wunsch, A., & Matuschka, K. (2014). A Controlled Trial to Determine the Efficacy of Red and Near-infrared Light Treatment in Patient Satisfaction, Reduction of Fine Lines, Wrinkles, Skin Roughness, and Intradermal Collagen Density Increase. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 32(2), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2013.3616
- ampl, Y., Zivin, J. A., Fisher, M., Lew, R., Welin, L., Dahlof, B., . . . Oron, U. (2007). Infrared Laser Therapy for Ischemic Stroke: A New Treatment Strategy Results of the NeuroThera Effectiveness and Safety Trial-1 (NEST-1). Stroke, 38, 1843-1849. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.478230
- Giacci, M. K., Wheeler, L., Lovett, S., Dishington, E., Majda, B., Bartlett, C. A., . . . Fitzgerald, M. (2014). Differential Effects of 670 and 830 nm Red near Infrared Irradiation Therapy: A Comparative Study of Optic Nerve Injury, Retinal Degeneration, Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury. PLOS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104565
- Johnstone, D. M., Moro, C., Stone, J., Benabid, A.-L., & Mitrofanis, J. (2016). Turning On Lights to Stop Neurodegeneration: The Potential of Near Infrared Light Therapy in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 9, 500. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00500
- Naeser, M. A., Zafonte, R., Krengel, M. H., Martin, P. I., Frazier, J., Hamblin, M. R., Knight, J. A., Meehan, W. P., Baker, E. H. (2014). Significant improvements in cognitive performance post-transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode treatments in chronic, mild traumatic brain injury: open-protocol study. Journal of Neurotrauma, 31(11),1008-17. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2013.3244
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (2015, March 31). Can light therapy help the brain? VA study with 160 Gulf War Veterans will test red, near-infrared light. Office of Research & Development. https://www.research.va.gov/currents/spring2015/spring2015-7.cfm
- Hipskind, S. G., Grover, F. L., Fort, T. R., Helffenstein, D., Burke, T. J., Quint, S. A., Bussiere, G., Stone, M., & Hurtado, T. (2018). Pulsed Transcranial Red/Near-Infrared Light Therapy Using Light-Emitting Diodes Improves Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Veterans with Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Series. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2018.4489
- Hamblin, M. R. (2016). Shining light on the head: Photobiomodulation for brain disorders. BBA Clinical, 6, 113-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.09.002
- Hamblin, M. R. (2017). Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury and stroke. Journal of Neuroscience Research. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24190
- Huang, N., Yao, D., Jiang, W., Wei, C., Li, M., Li, W., . . . Tong, Z. (2020). Safety and Efficacy of 630-nm Red Light on Cognitive Function in Older Adults With Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Study. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 12, 143. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2020.00143
- Foo, A. S. C., Soong, T. W., Yeo, T. T., & Lim, K. L. (2020). Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Parkinson’s Disease—Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2020.00089
- Yang, M., Yang, Z., Wang, P., & Sun, Z. (2020). Current application and future directions of photobiomodulation in central nervous diseases. Neural Regeneration Research. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.30048
- Liu, Y., Gong, S., Xia, S., Wang, Y., Peng, H., Shen, Y., & Liu, C. (2021). Light therapy: a new option for neurodegenerative diseases. Chinese Medical Journal, 134(6), 634-645. https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000001301
- Hamilton, C., Liebert, A., Pang, V., Magistretti, P., & Mitrofanis, J. (2022). Lights on for autism: Exploring photobiomodulation as an effective therapeutic option. Neurology International, 14(4), 884-893. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint14040071
- Nizamutdinov, D., Ezeudu, C., Wu, E., Huang, J. H., & Yi, S. S. (2022). Transcranial near-infrared light in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.965788
- Torres-Martinez, N., Chabardes, S., & Mitrofanis, J. (2023). Lights for epilepsy: can photobiomodulation reduce seizures and offer neuroprotection? Neural Regeneration Research, 18(7), 1423-1426. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.360288
- Berman, M. H., Halper, J. P., Nichols, T. W., Jarrett, H., Lundy, A., & Huang, J. H. (2017). Photobiomodulation with near infrared light helmet in a pilot, placebo controlled clinical trial in dementia patients testing memory and cognition. Journal of Neurology and Neuroscience, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625.1000176
- Hu, D., Moalem-Taylor, G., & Potas, J. R. (n.d.). Red-light (670 nm) therapy reduces mechanical sensitivity and neuronal cell death, and alters glial responses following spinal cord injury in rats. Journal of Neurotrauma. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2020.7066
- Dmochowski, G. M., Shereen, A. D., Berisha, D., & Dmochowski, J. P. (2020). Near-infrared light increases functional connectivity with a non-thermal mechanism. Cerebral Cortex Communications, 1(1), tgaa004. https://doi.org/10.1093/texcom/tgaa004
- [34] Figueiro Longo, M. G., Tan, C. O., Chan, S., Welt, J., Avesta, A., Ratai, E., Mercaldo, N. D., Yendiki, A., Namati, J., Chico-Calero, I., Parry, B. A., Drake, L., Anderson, R., Rauch, T., Diaz-Arrastia, R., Lev, M., Lee, J., Hamblin, M., Vakoc, B., & Gupta, R. (2020). Effect of transcranial low-level light therapy vs sham therapy among patients with moderate traumatic brain injury: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 3(9), e2017337. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17337
- Jara, C., Buendía, D., Ardiles, A., Muñoz, P., & Tapia-Rojas, C. (2021). Transcranial Red LED Therapy: A Promising Non-Invasive Treatment to Prevent Age-Related Hippocampal Memory Impairment. Hippocampus: Cytoarchitecture and Diseases. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100620
- Liebert, A., Bicknell, B., Laakso, E. L., Heller, G., Jalilitabaei, P., Tilley, S., Mitrofanis, J., & Kiat, H. (2021). Improvements in clinical signs of Parkinson’s disease using photobiomodulation: a prospective proof-of-concept study. BMC Neurology, 21, 256. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02248-y
- Nizamutdinov, D., Qi, X., Berman, M. H., Dougal, G., Dayawansa, S., Wu, E., Yi, S. S., Stevens, A. B., & Huang, J. H. (2021). Transcranial Near Infrared Light Stimulations Improve Cognition in Patients with Dementia. Aging and Disease, 12(4), 954–963. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2021.0229
- Dougal, G., Ennaceur, A., & Chazot, P. L. (2021). Effect of Transcranial Near-Infrared Light 1068 nm Upon Memory Performance in Aging Healthy Individuals: A Pilot Study. Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, 39(10). https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2020.4956
- Stepanov, Y. V., Golovynska, I., Zhang, R., Golovynskyi, S., Stepanova, L. I., Gorbach, O., Dovbynchuk, T., Garmanchuk, L. V., Ohulchanskyy, T. Y., & Qu, J. (2022). Near-infrared light reduces β-amyloid-stimulated microglial toxicity and enhances survival of neurons: mechanisms of light therapy for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer's Research & Therapy, 14, 84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-022-01022-7
